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Speaker John A. Boehner emerged from the meeting after about an hour to indicate that little progress had been made toward bridging the differences between Republicans and the president.

"Let's make it clear, the president got his tax hike on January 1st," Mr. Boehner told reporters after the meeting ended. "The discussion about revenue, in my view, is over. It's about taking on the spending problem here in Washington."

The White House said the president would make remarks later this morning.

Mr. Obama summoned the Congressional leadership to the Oval Office in an effort to discuss how to move forward in the wake of the failure to avoid the cuts, known as sequestration, White House aides said. They said Mr. Obama would continue to push for a long-term budget deal that includes spending cuts and tax increases.

"We have an opportunity here still on the table for Congress to take up a balanced deal that would complete the job, and then some, of achieving more than $4 trillion of deficit reduction over 10 years, in a balanced way that helps our economy grow, that helps it create jobs," Jay Carney, the president's press secretary, said Thursday.

But ahead of Friday's meeting, Republican leaders made clear that they had no intention of agreeing to such a deal, and said the president was prolonging the automatic cuts by insisting on tax increases. In a statement issued Friday morning, Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader, showed little evidence of wavering.

"I'm happy to discuss other ideas to keep our commitment to reducing Washington spending at today's meeting," Mr. McConnell said. "But there will be no last-minute, back-room deal and absolutely no agreement to increase taxes."

The meeting between the president and the four lawmakers — Mr. Boehner; Senator Harry Reid, the majority leader; Representative Nancy Pelosi of California, the Democratic leader; and Mr. McConnell — is the first time since the end of last year that the group has gathered for a direct discussion about their differences.

But the fact that the meeting was scheduled for the day the automatic cuts go into effect — and after members of Congress have left town for the weekend — was a clear signal that no one expects to make serious progress toward an agreement to undo the cuts.

Republicans once denounced the across-the-board cuts as bad policy, especially for the military. But many in the party have now embraced them as a way to trim the size of government over the objections of the president and Democrats in Congress.

Mr. Obama's top advisers believe the impact of the cuts will be severe enough over the next several weeks that Republican lawmakers will be forced back to the bargaining table.