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The killing of Mr. Belaid, a human rights activist who had been a harsh critic of the ruling Islamist-led party, has led to fears that polarization and growing political violence will imperil Tunisia's transition, often held up as a model in the region.

"We are steadfast, like mountains," mourners chanted in the Jebel Jalloud neighborhood, where they gathered the rain in preparing to march to the city's largest cemetery.  "We do not fear assassination."

A steady stream of supporters also traveled to Mr. Belaid's home, where a circle of flowers and other mementos marked the spot where he was killed, raising fears of a broader conflagration.

  "I'm afraid the country will descend into chaos," said Nuzha ben Yayha, a mourner who came to pay her respects.

The country's labor federation called the first general strike in more than three decades for Friday to coincide with the burial, adding to a combustible mix of passions just two years after the overthrow of President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali in early 2011 signaled the beginning of the Arab revolts sweeping the region.

The official TAP news agency said the national Army had been ordered to "secure" Mr. Belaid's funeral "and ensure the protection of participants" while the trade union federation had called for a "peaceful" general strike "in order not to serve the objectives of Tunisia's enemies who had planned Chokri Belaid's assassination."

The embassy of France, the former colonial power, said on its Web site that it would close its schools in the capital on Friday and Saturday for fear of renewed outbursts of violence.

On Thursday, protesters clashed with riot police officers in several cities. In Tunis, shuttered stores, tear gas and running street battles recreated the atmosphere of that uprising against former President Ben Ali but with none of the hope. Instead, many worried about a growing instability following the killing.

Adding to the uncertainties, Tunisia's governing Islamist-led party on Thursday rejected a proposal by the prime minister to form a national unity government.

The announcement by the party, Ennahda, revealed growing strains within a movement that has promoted its blend of Islamist politics and pluralism as a model for the region. As it rejected the proposal by the prime minister, Hamadi Jebali, a member of Ennahda, the group also publicly rebuked one of its most senior leaders and rejected his efforts to calm the political crisis.

"The prime minister did not ask the opinion of his party," Abdelhamid Jelassi, Ennahda's vice president, said in a statement reported on the party's Web site that rejected the proposal to replace the government with technocrats not affiliated with any party. "We in Ennahda believe Tunisia needs a political government now. We will continue discussions with other parties about forming a coalition government."

The troubles in Tunisia unsettled the region and endangered a country that was credited with avoiding the chaos plaguing some its neighbors. In the same way some had held up Tunisia's transition as an example, politicians in the region studied Mr. Belaid's assassination and saw a broader warning.

Mr. Belaid's death was seen as a blow to the country's turbulent transition, raising the possibility that the political violence in Tunisia had reached a dangerous new level.

In the southern mining city of Gafsa, riots broke out and the police fired tear gas at demonstrators who threw stones, a local radio station reported. The city is known as a powerful base of support for Mr. Belaid, who was a fierce advocate for the miners.

A regional headquarters of Ennahda was burned down in the town of Siliana, according to local news media, one of more than a dozen party offices attacked by protesters in the last two days.

In one of the most disturbing aspects of the situation, Mr. Belaid had himself warned just before his death about Tunisia's troubling turn toward violence and called for a national dialogue to combat it. He took special aim at Ennahda, accusing the Islamist group of turning a blind eye to crimes perpetrated by hard-line Islamists known as Salafis, including attacking Sufi shrines and liquor stores.

There have been no arrests in the killing, and no suspect has been identified. The governing party has condemned the assassination. Anxiety about the assassination reverberated in Egypt, where political feuds have been eclipsed by street clashes between protesters and the riot police. Security officials said plainclothes guards had been assigned to guard the homes of prominent opponents of Egypt's Islamist-dominated government. The worries were amplified because of a fatwa issued by a hard-line Egyptian cleric saying that opponents of President Mohamed Morsi should be killed. The fatwa specifically mentioned Mohamed ElBaradei, a former United Nations diplomat and leader of Egypt's largest secular-leaning opposition bloc, which led him to request the protection.

"Regime silent as another fatwa gives license to kill opposition in the name of Islam," Mr. ElBaradei wrote in a Twitter message. "Religion yet again used and abused."

On Thursday, Mr. Morsi addressed the issue in a speech, saying that political violence "has become one of the most important challenges that face the Arab Spring revolutions."

In what seemed to be a direct challenge to religious hard-liners — as well as an attempt to avoid the criticism directed at Ennahda — he condemned those "who claim to speak for religion" and who "permit killing based on political differences."

"This is terrorism itself," he said.

Kareem Fahim reported from Tunis, David D. Kirkpatrick from Antakya, Turkey, and Alan Cowell from Paris. Monica Marks contributed reporting from Tunis, and Rick Gladstone from New York.